Non-directional loop pile fabric



J 8, 1957 F. w. E. HOESELBARTH 2,796,033

NON-DIRECTIONAL LOOP PILE FABRIC Filed July 5, 1955 2 Sheets-Sheet l dill! J\ 2 OZ 1 %5 WIWWWII 2 8 2 x 2 Idl 3 1 W IIIIIIM w 0 3 l 0 2 8 2 3 2 2 June 1957 F. w. E. HOESELBARTH 2,7 6,0 8

NON-DIRECTIONAL LOOP FILE FABRIC 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed July 5, 1955 Pra'ar Ari INVENTOR flan/f M452 Hoeseiazffi ATTORNEYS.

NON-DIRECTIONAL LOOP PILE FABRIC Frank W. E. Hoeselharth, Carlisle, Pa., assignor to C. H. I Masland & Sons, Carlisle, Pa., a corporation of Peninsylvania Application July 5, 1955, Serial No. 519,895

6 Claims. (Cl. 139-403 The present invention relates to weaving non-directional pile fabrics especially in the field of carpets and rugs.

A purpose of the invention is to introduce a pile fabric in which the loops will orient themselves in a haphazard directional relationship and will not exhibit any special orientation or alignment.

A further purpose is to overcome lining effects in pile fabrics by causing the loops to orient non-directionally.

A further purpose is to produce a color contrast involving many color elements by using only two or a few frames.

A further purpose is to introduce symmetry in the coloring effects by providing a common color in the plies of two or more pile warp sets, with a different color or different colors on other plies of the sets.

A further purpose is to produce a pile fabric such as a carpet or a rug having uncut pile loops produced by two or preferably three frames, with two or more plies of ply yarn on the pile warp ends of each set, and to provide a twist in the ply of the pile yarn which equals approximately 1.5 to 25 turns in the length of the loop from one anchorage to the next.

A further purpose is to offer the pile loops for nondirectional orientation by threading in the pile warp ends in alternate dents.

Further purposes appear in the specification and in the claims.

In the drawings I have chosen to illustrate a few only of the numerous embodiments in which my invention may appear, selecting the forms shown from the standpoints of convenience in illustration, satisfactory operation and clear demonstration of the principles involved.

Figure 1 is a conventional warpwise weave diagram illustrating the subject matter of the invention.

Figure 2 is a preferred thread-in diagram for the weave of Figure l.

Figure 3 is an alternate thread-in diagram for the weave of Figure 1.

Figure 4 illustrates a conventional loop construction with several turns in the ply in the length of each loop as in usual practice, avoiding showing the twist.

Figure 5 illustrates conventionally the effect of the present invention with from 1.5 to 2.5 turns in the ply in the distance of one loop.

In prior art weaving practice with respect to carpets and rugs, the pile loops tend to orient in a line, and this leads to several difficulties. In wall to wall carpeting it is necessary to join the pieces by maintaining the same directional relationship in the loops of the added piece which exist in the loops of the adjoining piece. The same is true when carpet pieces are joined in making rugs.

Furthermore, the alignment of the loops tends to make lining effects visible in the carpet, and if there is sufficient variation in the yarn such lining effects may constitute serious defects.

United States Patent By the present invention it is possible to cause the loops to orient non-directionally, so that carpet pieces can be joined without any relation to alignment of the loops, and also lining effects no longer are likely to cause defects.

In accordance with the invention, the tures should be present in the pile fabric: I

1. The loops should remain uncut as otherwise the non-directional effect will not be visible.

2. There should be at least two beams warp ends woven in staggered relation. I

3. There should be at least two and preferably. three or more plies on the pile yarn of one or preferably both sets and the twist in the ply should provide from 1.5 to 2.5 turns in the length of the loop formed in weaving between the anchorage behind one binding weft and the anchorage behind the next binding weft. This permits one ply to be predominant throughout the top of one loop and another ply to be predominant throughout the top of another loop of the same pile warp end.

There are also certain features which will desirably be employed in the invention to obtain the greatest advantage:

While the invention is of some advantage when an end of each of the pile warp sets or frames is threaded in in each dent, it is decidedly preferable to give additional freedom for reorientation of the loop direction by threading in the ends of the different frames or pile warp sets in alternate dents or courses, pile A, for example, being threaded in the even dents and pile B in the odd dents following feaor sets of pile or course, or pile A in dents No. 1, pile B in dents No. 2 and pile C in dents No. 3, the dents l, 2 and 3 alternating.

In order to make the effect most useful, the colors of the different plies of the pile warp ends should at least to some extent be different, although the effect is still pronounced in plain color.

It is also desirable to have a unity in the color of the plies of the ends of the different pile warp sets so that there is a rippling aspect to the color combination.

Using three plies on pile warp set A, and three plies on pile warp set B, the colors of the plies on pile warp set A may be a, b and 0, while that on the other warps may be a, d and e. Thus one ply on each pile'warp set is of the same color and the other plies are of completely different colors.

In a preferred embodiment the plies on pile warp set A are of colors a, b and 0, while those on pile warp set B are of colors a, b, e; a and a bearing the relation of different shades of the same color such as light green and dark green. v

in a still further embodiment which is more desirable in many cases, the colors of the three plies of the pile warp ends of pile Warp set A are a, b, 0, respectively, while the colors of the plies of the pile warp ends of warp set B are a, b and d, where a is identical in both cases and b and b bear the relation of different shades of the same color, like light blue and dark blue.

Since the question of which ply will be uppermost is one of chance, a fabric produced by the technique above has a jasp effect and gives the appearance of having six frames of brussels when it has only two frames of velvet. It will be evident, of course, that by weaving according to the velvet procedure, the speed of weaving is very much greater than that possible with the jacquard. Of course the principles of the invention can be applied to jacquard weaving.

In Figure 1, I illustrate pile warp ends 20 and 21 interwoven with binder warp ends 22 and 23, stuffer warp ends 24, upper wefts 25 and lower wefts 26.

In the conventional weave shown, in the first step pile warp ends 20 are fully raised and binder warp ends 22 are raised half way, forming an upper shed, while the remainder of the pile warp ends are lowered, forming a lower shed. A wire 27 is inserted in the upper shed and a weft 25 is inserted in the lower shed.

In the second step, binder warp ends 23 are lowered and all other warp ends are raised half way forming a lower shed, and a shot of weft 26 is taken in the lower shed.

In the third step pile warp ends 21 are fully raised, binder warp ends 23 are raised half way, forming an upper shed and all other warp ends are lowered forming a lower shed. A wire 27 is inserted in the upper shed and a weft 25 is inserted in the lower shed.

In the fourth step binder warp ends 22 are lowered and all other warp ends are raised half way forming a lower shed, and a shot of weft 26 is taken in the lower shed.

.It will of course be evident that the question as to the type of wire used, whether high, low, flag or wavy is immaterial from the standpoint of the invention, but the wire should not be a cutting wire. It is also evident that the question of whether the weave is bound under the upper wefts or bound through-to-the-back and the question of whether a single or double binder warp is used is immaterial.

In the preferred embodiment the thread-in is as shown in Figure 2, where in dent 28 the succession of ends is lbinder warp end 22, binder warp end 23, stutfer warp end 24 and pile warp end 21, while in the next alternate dent 30 the succession of ends is binder warp end 22, binder warp end 23, stuffer warp end 24 and pile warp end 20. The splits between the dents are shown at 31. The form of Figure 2 gives plenty of room for the loops to orient non-directionally.

The form of Figure 3 is the more conventional threadin, in which there is a pile warp end of each frame in each dent. .This is less desirable in the present invention as it gives less room to reorient the loops.

The difference in the effects of the loops will be illustrated in Figures 4 and 5.

Figure 4 marked prior art, shows conventionally pile 32 which follows conventional practice, with a twist in the ply which is not related to the length of the loop between anchorages behind binding wefts 25. The plies are twisted together and make a complete turn at 33 between points 34 and 35. These loops tend to maintain their directional orientation.

Figure shows loops 36 according to the present invention which" have a twist of from 1.5 to 2.5 turns between their base anchorage points 37 and 38. As illustrated, dilferent plies tend to predominate at different points, and a feature not shown to avoid confusion on the drawing, the loops tend to twist and turn in a haphazard manner. Accordingly there are different ef- V 4 fects exhibited and if the plies are of different color it gives the appearance of having many more frames than are actually present. The fact that the successive loops are in staggered relation in Figure 5 rather than oriented in unbroken lines as in the prior art in Figure 4 also aids in permitting the loops to reorient.

In view of my invention and disclosure, variations and modifications to meet individual whim or particular need will dooubtless become evident to others skilled in the art, to obtain allor part of the benefits of my invention without copying the fabric and process shown, and I, therefore, claim all such insofar as they fall within the reasonable spirit and scope of my claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

l. A pile fabric having a plurality of pile warp sets, binder warp ends and wefts including binding wefts interwoven together, the pile warp sets being raised in the pile alternately and forming uncut pile loops anchored at the opposite ends behind binding wefts, the pile yarn of the pile warp sets comprising a plurality of plies twisted together and having a twist in the ply which is approximately 1.5 to 2.5 turns in the length of the pile loop from the anchorage behind one binding weft to the anchorage behind the next binding weft.

2. A pile fabric according to claim 1, in which the pile warp ends of the respective sets are in different courses of the fabric separated by successive binder warp ends woven in the same direction.

3. A pile fabric according to claim 1, in which at least one ply of the pile warp ends in the different pile warp sets is of the same color and at least one such ply is of a different color.

4. A pile fabric according to claim 1, in which at leastone ply of the pile warp ends in each pile warp set is of the same color and a different shade and at least one such ply is of a different color.

v5. A pile fabric according to claim 1, in which at least one ply of the pile warp ends in each pile warp set is of the same color, at least the second such ply is of the same color and a different shade and at least a third such ply is of a different color.

6. A pile fabric according to claim 1, in which one pile warp end of one pile warp set is in one group of courses and one pile warp end of another pile Warp set is in another group of courses in staggered relation to the first group of courses, and the pile warp ends of the different courses include plies of different colors.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 

